Mesopotamian Deities

This list contains Akkadian, Babylonian, and Sumerian names, some of which refer to the same god in the other culture, and also over a number of time periods.

A-a

  • Sun goddess
  • Consort of the sun god Samas

 

Abu

  • Minor vegetation god
  • Sprung from head of Enki

 

Abzu

  • God of underground waters

 

Adad

  • Weather god
  • Giver of life in the fields
  • Son of Anu

 

Ama-arhus

  • Fertility goddess

 

Amasagnul

  • Fertility goddess

 

An (Anum)

  • Head of the pantheon
  • God of the sky
  • The ultimate source of all authority

 

Annedotus: See Oannes.

 

Anshar

  • Primordial deity linked with heaven

 

Antu

  • Creator goddess
  • Consort of Anu

 

Antum

  • Consort of An
  • Source of rain

 

Anu

  • Creator god
  • Consort of Antu

 

Anum: See An.

 

Anunitu: See Antu.

 

Apsu

  • God of underworld primeval waters

 

Aruru

  • Mother goddess

 

Aruzu

  • God of completed construction

 

Asalluha

  • Messenger and reporter to his father Enki

 

Ashnan

  • Goddess of grain

 

Asman

  • Minor vegetation goddess
  • Protectoress of the grains in the fields

 

Assur

  • Tutelary (guardian) god
  • National deity of Assyria

 

Aya

  • Mother goddess
  • Consort of sun god Samas

 

Baba

  • Fertility goddess

 

Belet-Seri

  • Underworld goddess

 

Birdu

  • Minor underworld god
  • Consort of Manungal

 

Dagon

  • God of vegetation
  • Fertility god
  • Half man and half fish

 

Damgalnuna

  • Mother goddess

 

Ea: See Enki.

 

Ellil: See Enlil.

 

Emesh

  • Vegetation god

 

Enbillulu

  • River god

 

Endursaga

  • Herald god

 

Enki (Ea)

  • God of Earth
  • God of the fresh waters
  • God of the air
  • God of wisdom
  • Source of all secret magical knowledge

 

Enkimdu

  • God of canals and ditches
  • Father of Marduk

 

Enlil (Ellil)

  • National god of Sumer
  • Held the Tablets of Destiny

 

Enmesarra

  • God of the law

 

Ennugi

  • God attendant and throne-bearer of Enlil

 

Enten

  • Guardian deity of farmers

 

Ereshkigal

  • Queen of the netherworld
  • Consort of Gugulanna

 

Erra

  • God of war

 

Erua: See Zarpanitu..

 

Gangir

  • Daughter of goddess Baba

 

Gatumdug

  • Fertility goddess
  • Daughter of god An

 

Gerra

  • God of fire

 

Geshtu

  • Minor god of intellect

 

Gibil

  • Fire god

 

Girru

  • God of fire and light
  • Messenger of the gods

 

Gugulanna

  • Minor underworld deity
  • Consort of Erishkigal

 

Gula (Nin Ezen)

  • Goddess of healing
  • Consort of Ninurta

 

Gusilim: See Ishtaran.

 

Hala

  • Goddess of healing

 

Hani

  • Minor god and attendant of Adad

 

Hendursaga

  • God of the law

 

Igigi

  • A group of younger sky gods

 

Ilabrat

  • Minor god and minister of state of chief god Anu

 

Im

  • Storm god

 

Inanna (Ishtar)

  • Sister of Utu
  • Goddess of several roles, including Morning Star and Evening Star

 

Ishara

  • Goddess of marriage and childbirth

 

Isimud

  • Messenger of the god Enki

 

Ishkur

  • Storm god

 

Ishtar: See Inanna.

 

Ishtaran

  • Tutelary god of the city of Dur

 

Ishum

  • Attendant of the god Erra
  • Brother of the god Samash

 

Kabta

  • God of artisans

 

Kakka

  • Minor god and minister of state to Anu and Anshar

 

Ki

  • Personified of the earth and the underworld
  • Consort of An

 

Kingu

  • Leader of the forces of the beginning and shaping of the world
  • Husband-son of Tiamat

 

Kishar

  • Creator of An and Ki
  • Consort of Anshar

 

Kulla

  • God who restores temples
  • God of builders

 

Kus

  • God of herdsmen

 

Kusag

  • Patron god of priests
  • High priest of the gods

 

Lahamu

  • Primordial deity
  • Created from the primeval ocean

 

Lahar

  • God of cattle
  • Carries a bow and a club

 

Lilith

  • Goddess of desolation

 

Lugal-Irra

  • Underworld god

 

Mami

  • Mother goddess who created mortals

 

Mandanu

  • God of divine judgment

 

Manungal

  • Underworld god

 

Marduk

  • Supreme god
  • God of the sun
  • Son of Enki and Damgalnuna

 

Martu

  • Tutelary god and patron god of the city of Ninab

 

Mullitu

  • Goddess of fertility and childbirth
  • Consort of Ellil

 

Nabu

  • God of writing and wisdom
  • Son of Marduk and Zarpanitu

 

Nammu

  • Birth goddess
  • Creator of heaven and earth
  • Mother of the gods

 

Namtar

  • Messenger god for the goddess Ereshkigal

 

Nanaja

  • Fertility goddess

 

Nanna

  • God of the full moon, the crescents, and the new moon

 

Nanshe

  • Goddess of justice

 

Negun

  • Minor goddess associated with the goddess Sirara

 

Nergal

  • God of war, of pestilence, of the chase, of the midsummer sun
  • King of the netherworld

 

Neti

  • Chthonic (underworld) god

 

Nimsimug

  • God who completes construction

 

Nin Ezen:See Gula.

 

Nin Ilda

  • God of carpenters

 

Nin Imma

  • Fertility goddess

 

Nin Shar

  • Minor mother goddess

 

Nindara

  • Consort of the goddess Nanshe

 

Ninegal

  • God of smiths

 

Nindurra

  • Mother of the goddess Utto by Enki

 

Ningal

  • Reed goddess

 

Ningikuga

  • Goddess of reeds and marshes

 

Ningirama

  • God of magic

 

Ningirsu

  • God of thundershowers
  • God of the plough

 

Ningis Zi Da

  • God of light coming from the horizon

 

Ninhursaga

  • High goddess
  • Goddess of mountains

 

Ninib

  • God of the spring sun
  • God of the morning sun

 

Ninkarnunna

  • Barber god
  • Attendant of the god Ninurta

 

Ninkhursaga

  • Goddess of birth for pregnant animals
  • Midwife of the gods

 

Ninkurra

  • Minor mother goddess

 

Ninlil

  • Goddess of grain
  • Consort of Enlil

 

Ninmena

  • Mother goddess

 

Ninmu

  • Mother of goddess Nindurra by Enki

 

Ninsikil

  • Patron goddess of the paradise land of Dilmun

 

Ninshubur

  • Messenger goddess of the goddess Inana

 

Ninsun

  • Cow goddess

 

Ninurta

  • God of thunderstorms
  • God of the plough

 

Nisaba

  • Goddess of writing
  • Goddess of grain and reeds

 

Nu Mus Da

  • Tutelary god
  • Patron of the city Kazallu

 

Nudimmud

  • God who created the first ocean

 

Nunbarsegunu

  • Obscure mother goddess

 

Nushku

  • God of light

 

Oannes (Annedotus)

  • God of the sea
  • Instructs humans in the arts and sciences during the day
  • Head and body of a fish and feet of a man

 

Pa-bil-sag

  • Tutelary god of Isin

 

Pap-nigin-gara

  • God of war

 

Papsukal

  • Messenger god

 

Samas

  • Sun god
  • Consort of A-a

 

Sebitti

  • A group of minor gods

 

Shakka

  • God of cattle

 

Shala

  • War goddess

 

Shamash

  • Sun god

 

Shara

  • Minor war god

 

Shara Itu

  • Fertility goddess

 

Sherida

  • Mother goddess

 

Shullat

  • Minor god
  • Attendant of the sun god Shamash

 

Shulman

  • Chthonic god
  • Fertility god

 

Shul-pa-e

  • Fertility god
  • Astral god

 

Shulsaga

  • Astral goddess

 

Shumugan

  • God of river plains

 

Siduri

  • Minor goddess of brewing

 

Sin

  • Moon god

 

Sirara

  • Goddess of the Persian Gulf

 

Sirsir

  • God of mariners

 

Tashmetu

  • Goddess consort of the god Nabu

 

Tiamat

  • Primordial creator goddess
  • Goddess of the sea

 

Tishpak

  • Tutelary god of the city of Eshnumma

 

Tutu

  • Tutelary god of Rorsippa

 

Ua-Ildak

  • Vegetation goddess

 

Urash

  • Chthonic earth goddess
  • A consort of the sky god An

 

Umunmutamku and Umunmutamnag

  • Dieties who present to the gods offerings made by humans

 

Utnapishtim

  • A human made a god after he built an ark and saved himself, his family, and the beasts because of the deluge

 

Uttu

  • Goddess of clothing
  • Vegetation goddess
  • Daughter of Enki and Nindurra

 

Utu

  • Sun god
  • God responsible for dispensing justice to gods and men
  • Son of the moon god Nanna and the goess Ninlil

 

Wer

  • Storm god
  • Linked with Adad and Amurru

 

Zababa

  • God of war

 

Zarpanitu (Erua)

  • Birth goddess
  • Consort of Marduk
  • Marriage celebrated annually at New Year in Babylon